接続詞・前置詞・句読法
意味と文法の両面から最適な接続表現を選択する。
因果・対比・目的などの論理関係を瞬時に見抜く。
⚠️ひっかけ注意 — よくある失点パターン
- ✕ despite of → ○ despite / in spite of
- ✕ because / although + 名詞 → ○ because of / despite + 名詞（because/although は節接続）
- ✕ due to + 節 → ○ due to + 名詞（be 動詞の補語として使われやすい）
- 接続副詞（however/therefore）は等位接続詞ではない → 独立節同士をつなぐには「; however,」などの句読法が必要
- while は「同時進行／対比」どちらもあり文脈で判断。during は前置詞（名詞が続く）
- since は「起点（時）」と「理由（原因）」の両義。曖昧なら because に置換検討
- on the other hand は対比の片側。単独使用は避け、文脈で一対を意識
- 先行指示が曖昧な this/that を単独で置かない。必要なら名詞を補う（this approach, this result）
- コンマスプライス：独立節をカンマだけで接続しない（, however は不可 → ; however, または. However,）
ポイント別演習
節をつなぐ接続詞
because, although, while など主語＋動詞を伴う。
___ the budget was tight, we postponed the project.
___ you receive the package, please call our office.
We will postpone the launch ___ the supplier confirms the delivery date.
___ the terms were unfavorable, the client accepted the contract.
We reviewed the draft ___ we had only two hours.
___ the manager finalized the agenda, the meeting could begin.
___ Mr. Park is on vacation, his assistant will handle inquiries.
___ his proposal was innovative, the committee rejected it for budgetary reasons.
句を導く前置詞
because of, despite, due to, in addition to の後ろは名詞・動名詞。
___ the tight budget, we postponed the project.
___ the heavy rain, the outdoor event proceeded as planned.
___ his extensive experience, we offered him the lead role.
The launch was delayed ___ a critical defect.
___ to the meeting, please review the attached agenda.
The merger went smoothly ___ careful planning by both teams.
___ revising the contract, please confirm the scope.
___ being newly hired, she was assigned to a critical project.
接続副詞 + セミコロン
therefore, however などは「; however,」の形で文を接続。
The new system is fast; ___, it is also more secure.
The prototype met all requirements; ___ the client requested a minor change.
Our margins are thin; ___, we cannot offer further discounts.
We expanded our team; ___, productivity increased significantly.
The feature passed QA; ___, the rollout was postponed due to maintenance.
Sales targets were ambitious; ___, we exceeded them by 20%.
Sales rose every quarter; ___, profit margins remained flat.
代名詞の指示先を一致
this, that, these, those が何を指すか前文で確認。
Sales rose 15% last quarter. ___ shows the campaign was effective.
The team submitted three reports. ___ are all due next week.
The firm has two flagship products. ___ generates 60% of total revenue.
We will adopt the second approach. ___ reduces cost while keeping quality.
Tokyo and Osaka are key markets. ___ has the larger headquarters.
We compared Option A and Option B; ___ is easier to deploy.
We received many proposals; ___ from Vietnam-based firms were the most innovative.