語形成
派生語から最適な品詞形を選ぶ。
語尾シグナルで迷わず選択できる。
⚠️ひっかけ注意 — よくある失点パターン
- 「-ly = 副詞」と決めつけない：friendly / timely / costly / early は形容詞（early は副詞にもなる）。
- economic（経済の） vs economical（節約的な）、industrial（産業の） vs industrious（勤勉な）。
- hard（難しい/激しく） vs hardly（ほとんど〜ない）、late（遅い/遅れて） vs lately（最近）。
- 「-al」は名詞と形容詞の両方がある：approval（名）/ global（形）。語幹を見て判断。
- 動名詞 -ing は名詞相当だが、進行形 -ing と混同しない（位置で判断）。
- 前置詞の後ろは名詞（動名詞含む）。✕ because + 名詞 → ○ because of + 名詞。
- 不自然なコロケーションに注意：○ safety regulations はOKだが ✕ safely regulations は不可。
- 名詞＋名詞連結は意味が通るかを確認（✕ information cost → ○ maintenance cost / shipping cost）。
ポイント別演習
-tion/-ment/-ance → 名詞
information / development / performance
The new policy resulted in higher employee ___.
Our team discussed the ___ of the prototype.
Please submit your ___ by Friday.
We received ___ from over 50 candidates.
The company has shown remarkable ___ during the recession.
Their ___ to quality is what sets them apart.
After careful ___, the board made a final decision.
The CEO emphasized the ___ of digital transformation.
-ive/-al/-ous → 形容詞
effective / global / previous
The report is ___ and easy to follow.
The new software is ___ with most operating systems.
We need a more ___ approach to reduce costs.
Please review the ___ budget before the meeting.
The CEO emphasized that growth must be ___.
Customer feedback has been overwhelmingly ___.
The ___ growth of the startup caught investors' attention.
The proposed changes are ___ to existing operations.
-ly → 多くは副詞
rapidly, gradually
The system was ___ updated to patch the vulnerability.
The merger was ___ completed within the agreed timeline.
Ms. Yamada has been ___ promoted to senior manager.
Customer service is ___ responsive during peak hours.
The proposal was ___ accepted by the committee.
We need a ___ solution to this recurring incident.
Mr. Sato is a ___ neighbor who always greets us warmly.
The candidate handled the difficult question ___.
名詞 + 名詞 の連結
company policy / safety regulations
Please follow our company ___ on remote work.
Please contact ___ services for any technical issues.
We implemented new ___ standards to prevent accidents.
We need to update the ___ schedule for next week.
The ___ team will visit the site next week.
We are reviewing our ___ strategy for next year.