語順・修飾位置・並列
修飾語の位置、平行構造、相関接続詞の整合。
誤修飾やねじれを避け、正確な並列を作る。
⚠️ひっかけ注意 — よくある失点パターン
- Dangling participle：✕ Walking to the station, the rain started. → ○ While I was walking ..., it started to rain.
- only の誤配置：✕ She only reviewed the budget yesterday.（「レビュー以外しなかった」）→ ○ She reviewed only the budget yesterday.
- 二重の構文混在：not only reduce but also improving（品詞不一致）。
- 列挙の形の不統一：creating, to write, and testing → 全て -ing に揃える。
- 形容詞順の錯綜：✕ a Japanese plastic blue small box → ○ a small new blue Japanese plastic box。
ポイント別演習
誤修飾を避ける
To improve efficiency, the team updated its tools.
___ improve efficiency, the team updated its tools.
___ submitting the report, please double-check all figures.
The CEO ___ thanked the team for their hard work.
Please send the documents ___ to avoid further delays.
She reviewed ___ the budget yesterday.
___ analyzing the data carefully, the team identified the trend.
___, the proposal was sent for signature.
Walking down the hallway, ___ noticed a strange sound.
相関接続詞の一致
both A and B / not only A but also B
The presentation was both informative and ___.
The new policy is designed not only to reduce costs but also to ___ compliance.
Either the specifications ___ the budget needs to change.
She is both a skilled analyst and ___ .
Neither the engineers nor the manager ___ aware of the issue.
Not only ___ the new system faster, but it also offers better security.
列挙のカンマ
A, B, and C（オックスフォードカンマは文内一貫）
The solution improves speed, reliability, and ___ .
The candidate has experience in marketing, sales, and ___.
The CEO is responsible for hiring, training, and ___ employees.
Either the manager ___ the team leader will lead the meeting.
We invited designers, developers___ QA leads.
The role requires creating wireframes, writing specs, and ___ prototypes.
Our values include innovation, integrity, and ___.
Mr. Tanaka not only manages the team but also ___ as a mentor.
The handbook covers safety procedures, emergency contacts, and ___.
形容詞の順序
opinion-size-age-color-origin-material-purpose + noun
I bought ___ jacket for the trip.
a ___ table
a pair of ___ shoes
a ___ desk
a beautiful ___ vase
a ___ storage box
an ___ car