前置詞・群前置詞
in/at/on から as of, by, until, within まで。
頻出の群前置詞を定型で処理できる。
⚠️ひっかけ注意 — よくある失点パターン
- ✕ despite of → ○ despite / in spite of
- ✕ due to + 節 → ○ due to + 名詞（because は節を導く）
- by と until を混同しない：by は完了点、until は継続
- within は「以内」：✕ within 5 p.m. → ○ by 5 p.m. / within 5 hours
- as of は「〜時点で（の状態）」：継続の since と混同しない
- 前置詞の直後は名詞/名詞句/動名詞（to が前置詞のときは ~ing）
- 日付は on、月/年は in、時刻は at（例外: at night / on the weekend(米) / at the weekend(英)）
- in accordance with（with を忘れない）／according to（to を忘れない）
ポイント別演習
時間の基本
in April / at 9 a.m. / on Monday
The meeting is ___ Monday morning.
The event starts ___ 9 a.m.
The product launches ___ April 15.
The conference will be held ___ March.
The training was conducted ___ 2024.
The store closes ___ midnight every day.
Please join us ___ the weekend for the company retreat.
期限表現
by（期限までに完了）/ until（までずっと）/ within（以内）
Please submit the expense report ___ Friday.
The exhibition will continue ___ the end of next week.
The help desk is open ___ 8 p.m. on weekdays.
We will respond ___ 24 hours.
The renovation must be completed ___ the end of the month.
Refunds will be processed ___ five business days.
起点・適用
as of（〜時点で）/ effective from
Mr. Kim has been with the company ___ 2015.
___ today, there are no open tickets.
The new contract takes effect ___ next Monday.
The new fee structure will be in place ___ the rest of the year.
The policy is ___ July 1, 2025.
___ March 1, all employees must use the new ID card system.
理由・譲歩
because of / due to / despite / in spite of
The team succeeded ___ several setbacks.
The flight was delayed ___ heavy fog.
___ the tight schedule, we postponed the launch.
___ the warning signs, the team proceeded.
The store remained open ___ the bad weather.
___ unexpected demand, we doubled production.
追加・優先
in addition to / prior to / in accordance with
___ the budget increase, we also need better scheduling.
___ the manual, backups must run daily.
All visitors must sign in ___ entering the facility.
All operations must be conducted ___ the safety guidelines.
___ to the merger, both companies operated independently.