Đại/trạng từ quan hệ
Phân biệt mệnh đề xác định / không xác định và cách dùng dấu phẩy.
Bổ nghĩa đúng cho tiền ngữ, tránh dài dòng và mơ hồ.
⚠️Bẫy thường gặp — các lỗi hay mất điểm
- KHÔNG dùng that cho mệnh đề không xác định (có dấu phẩy).
- Sau giới từ KHÔNG đặt that (✕ to that → ○ to which / whom).
- who và whom: sau giới từ hoặc làm tân ngữ thì dùng whom (trong bài thi nên ưu tiên whom).
- what KHÔNG có tiền ngữ (= the thing which). ✕ the reason what → ○ the reason why / that / for which.
- "the reason is because" là dài dòng → "the reason is that" hoặc "We revised the policy because ...".
- where / when chỉ dùng cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn / thời gian. Với danh từ trừu tượng thì thay bằng in which / at which.
- ", which" trong mệnh đề không xác định có thể chỉ danh từ ngay trước hoặc cả ý câu trước — bố trí cẩn thận để tránh hiểu nhầm.
Luyện tập theo điểm chính
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (không phẩy)
The policy that was updated last week will apply.
The policy ___ was updated last week will apply to all teams.
Employees ___ work remotely must follow the security protocol.
The book ___ I bought yesterday is very informative.
The technician ___ fixed the issue is on vacation now.
The candidates ___ we interviewed were all highly qualified.
The training program ___ we completed last month was very effective.
The client to ___ we sent the invoice has confirmed payment.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (có phẩy)
Our CEO, who joined in 2018, will visit Tokyo.
Mr. Tanaka, ___ has worked here for 20 years, is retiring next month.
The seminar, ___ was held last week, attracted 200 participants.
Our CEO, ___ joined in 2018, will visit Tokyo next month.
The new platform, ___ was launched in April, has gained traction.
Our headquarters, ___ is located in Tokyo, has expanded recently.
Ms. Chen, ___ I mentioned earlier, will lead the session.
The keynote speaker, ___ I introduced earlier, has won several awards.
Trạng từ quan hệ
the year when / the place where / the reason why
This is the office ___ Ms. Lee works.
Tell me the day ___ you would like to schedule the meeting.
2021 was the year ___ we expanded to Europe.
That is the reason ___ we revised the policy.
The factory ___ our products are manufactured is in Vietnam.
These are the conditions under ___ we operate.
The way ___ he handled the crisis impressed everyone.
whose chỉ sự sở hữu
an author whose books sell well
We chose a vendor ___ quote was significantly lower.
Mr. Brown, ___ son works at our Tokyo office, will visit next week.
The startup ___ founders are former Google engineers raised $50M.
The author ___ books are translated into 20 languages will visit Japan.
We thanked the volunteers ___ help made the event successful.
Tokyo, ___ skyline is instantly recognizable, attracts many tourists.
We notified customers ___ data were affected by the outage.
I met a colleague ___ work I admire greatly.
Companies ___ employees work overtime regularly often have higher turnover.